A backup is a copy made to save important data. In case of the loss of the original data e.g. because of a computer virus or due to a hardware problem this copy could be used to retrieve the data that would be lost otherwise.
There are some common mistakes that are often made with backups which would ruin partly or totally the backup. So first of all it is quite clear that a backup should include recent copies of all important files. If you neglect making regular backups in case of needing the backup you will easily find yourself in the situation to have recovered the data of the last year and lost any changes made in between. After you made a backup you should immediately test it to avoid relying on unusable data.
It is important to keep the backup distant from the original because the reason that ruined the original is likely to ruin the backup in the same go. A backup on the same harddisk would most likely be lost along with the original data in case of a defect. In case of fire or theft often the backup is also effected if it was kept at the same place as the original data.
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